General Custer & The Little Bighorn: Original Historical Letters, Documents & Signatures

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Topic

Human Aspect

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    Manuscripts (28)

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    John Martin, the Last Known Soldier to See Custer Alive, Reasserts His Being Tasked With Delivering Custer's Desperate Last Message to Benteen

    Autograph Letter Signed

    2 pages

    SMC 2358

    Nearly fifty years after the Battle of Little Bighorn, John Martin remained determined to defend his place in history. In this remarkable 1922 letter, the former cavalry trumpeter insists that he alone carried Custer's final message and was the last messenger sent from the doomed command.
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    Custer Signs Off on the Tobacco Allotment for Non-Commissioned Staff in August 1875, Including Sgt. Maj. Sharrow, KIA With Him at the Little Bighorn

    Document Signed

    1 page

    SMC 387

    More than a simple ration record, this tobacco allotment reveals an informal economy within the 7th Cavalry, where tobacco could be traded much like cash. Among the names listed is Sgt. Maj. William H. Sharrow, who would die alongside Custer at the Battle of Little Bighorn less than a year later.
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    The Mother of William Van Wyck Reily, Killed at the Little Bighorn, Is Delicately Deceived That Her Son's Body Was Found

    Autograph Letter Signed

    12 pages

    SMC 2100

    In a deeply personal letter, a mother confesses that the passage of time has not eased her sorrow following the death of her son at the Battle of Little Bighorn.
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    Soon After Little Bighorn, Major Reno Brazenly Blames Custer: For

    Autograph Letter Signed

    3 pages

    SMC 2410

    Less than six weeks after the Battle of Little Bighorn, Major Marcus A. Reno responds to criticism by explaining his actions during the opening stages of the fight. In a detailed firsthand account, he describes his attack on the village, the failure of support to arrive, and his belief that Custer rode into an overwhelming force of warriors.
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    Alpheus Stuart, KIA at the Little Bighorn, Reports

    Autograph Letter Signed

    4 pages

    SMC 2519

    In January 1876, a private in Custer's 7th Cavalry writes from Fort Abraham Lincoln about the excitement surrounding the Black Hills gold rush. He also anticipates an upcoming winter campaign against Sitting Bull, offering a soldier's-eye view of events just months before the Great Sioux War reached its climax.
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    Four Days Before Little Bighorn: Riding With Custer, Lt. Reily Describes

    Autograph Letter Signed

    3 pages

    SMC 2102

    Riding with Custer and rushing to make the mail call, 2nd Lt. Willian Van Wyck Reily gives his mother an extraordinary account of the campaign, predicts the upcoming battle, and expresses a premonition that his survival is uncertain.
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    Just Two Months Before Little Bighorn, Custer, Briefly In Washington, Rushes to Return West Due to

    Autograph Letter Signed

    2 pages

    SMC 1878

    G.A. Custer writes from Washington D.C. to a cousin as he rushes to head out west.
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    Custer On Life at Extreme Edge of Frontier: “Hostile Indians Roam Over the Country West North & South of Us for Hundreds of Miles”

    Autograph Letter Signed

    8 pages

    SMC 1876

    Lieutenant Colonel G.A. Custer writes from Fort Lincoln, Dakota, at the frontier to his cousin in New York, describing frontier army life, his location, and family relations.
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    Cpl. John Wild, Who Would Die at the Little Bighorn, Writes that the Summer of 1876 Will Bring an Indian War:

    Autograph Letter Signed

    6 pages

    SMC 1753

    Corporal John Wild writes his brother after impulsively leaving home and eventually joining the army. He describes his journey and the hardship of the cold prairie lands, asks after family and sends them messages, and shares his thoughts on what he and others should work at.
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    Custer is Informed of His Acceptance to West Point, and Wished Health, Happiness, & Success in This Life

    Autograph Letter Signed

    1 page

    SMC 1736

    Republican Congressman Bingham writes to a young George Armstrong Custer – who at seventeen declared himself a proudly conservative Democrat - that he has received Custer’s acceptance of an appointment to West Point.
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    A Little Bighorn Survivor - Private John Reed - Reports What an Indian Chief Told Him: Reno Was a Coward But Custer Brave & The Last to Die

    Autograph Letter Signed

    4 pages

    SMC 1522

    Writing from Fort Abraham Lincoln in May 1878, almost two years after the epic defeat, Private John A. Reed, who had been in the Reno column at Little Bighorn - writes what he was told by a Cheyenne chief about when Custer died.
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    Lieutenant Colonel Custer is “Suddenly & Most Unexpectedly” Called Home From New York to Take Part in the Great Sioux War

    Autograph Letter Signed

    page

    SMC 612

    Custer would set out for Fort Lincoln to commence the winter campaign against the “hostiles.” With all these telegrams, the Great Sioux War had begun.
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    On His Way West, Custer Invites His Friends to Come Watch the War:

    Autograph Letter Signed

    4 pages

    SMC 437

    Custer would travel to Fort Lincoln, and from there command of a large expedition to head into the Yellowstone to take on the Sioux. Ultimately, Custer would split his soldiers into three smaller fighting units in order to surround the Indians, unaware, too late, of how massive the Indian encampment had grown since his arrival.
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    Autograph Letter Signed

    2 pages

    SMC 417

    On June 25, 1876, Custer divided his men into three forces under the command of himself, Maj. Marcus Reno, and Capt. Frederick Benteen, a fatal decision that would culminate in the massacre of all 280 men under Custer, Losee among them. The rest of the 7th Cavalary fought off the Indians, with serious casaulties, but managed to avoid Custer's fate.
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    Civil War General and Hero Philip Sheridan Describes the Black Hills Expedition - and the Search for Gold

    Autograph Letter Signed

    4 pages

    SMC 204

    General Philip Sheridan's mission commanding the Military Division of the Missouri was to ensure that a corridor through the central Plains stayed open, so that settlers, miners, and entrepreneurs could safely move west. The land was often - by treaty - owned by Native Americans. Sheridan writes here, in May of 1874, of a “serious fear of [Indian] trouble along about the middle of June,” as he orders his troops farther west into Sioux Territory.
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    General Custer Gives an Order to His Loyal Adjutant Cooke, Who Would Die Next to Him at Little Bighorn

    Autograph Letter Signed

    2 pages

    SMC 289

    This order to Cooke concerns another 7th Cavalry regular who also rode with Custer – though not as a friend. Major Lewis Merrill, with whom Custer had numerous run-ins, is alleged here to have taken some instruments belonging to the 7th Cavalry band: Cooke is tasked with making sense of what happened.
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    Libbie Custer Makes a Secret Plea to Aid the Widows of Captain Yates, Lt. Calhoun, and Enlisted Men

    Autograph Letter Signed

    3 pages

    SMC 291

    In order to maintain their dignity, Libbie Custer secretly petitions for funds for the widows and children of fallen soldiers at Little Bighorn.
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    Custer's Aide, Frederick Benteen, Takes the Oath of Office as Captain in the 7th Calvary

    Document Signed

    2 pages

    SMC 303

    Here Benteen, infamous for coming to Custer's aide too slowly at the Battle of Little Bighorn, steps into history, taking the Oath of Office as Captain in the 7th Cavalry.
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    Custer:

    Autograph Letter Signed

    3 pages

    SMC 126

    General Custer writes to his friend, Judge Christiancy, to share with him a secret: He will be returning to Monroe, Michigan in a few months to be married. Inadvertently foreshadowing his death and Libbie's misfortune, Custer jokingly tells Christiancy that Libbie, who would "unite her destinies" with Custer's, is "fortunate, or unfortunate."
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    General Custer Signs Off on the Tobacco Allotment for Enlisted Men Who Died With Him at Little Bighorn

    Document Signed

    2 pages

    SMC 390

    Here, General Custer certifies that four non-commissioned officers of the 7th Cavalry have taken possession of a pound of tobacco each.
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    John Wild Bets the Black Hills Gold Rush - Set Off by Custer's Discovery of Gold There in 1864 - is a Bust

    Autograph Letter Signed

    2 pages

    SMC 1752

    John Wild is willing to bet that those flocking to find fortune in the Black Hills "will be disappointed by going there."
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    Signature of Young Officer, J.J. Crittenden, Killed With Custer at the Battle of Little Bighorn

    Signature

    1 page

    SMC 671

    Signature of John Jordan Crittenden III, whose father, Thomas Leonidas Crittenden was a Lieutenant Colonel who secured for his son an army commission after the latter failed out of West Point. The frail, one-eyed Lieutenant met his end at Little Bighorn with General Custer.
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    Signature of Second Lieutenant Henry Moore Harrington, Killed With General Custer at Little Bighorn

    Signature

    2 pages

    SMC 674

    Signature of Second Lieutenant Henry Moore Harrington, who was killed with Custer at Little Bighorn. His was one of three bodies to not have been identified.
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    Signature of James Calhoun, Custer's Brother-in-Law, Killed With Him at the Battle of Little Bighorn

    Signature

    2 pages

    SMC 1157

    Rare signature of Lieutenant James Calhoun, Custer's brother-in-law, who died with him at Little Bighorn on what would come to be known as Calhoun Hill.
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    While

    Autograph Letter Signed

    2 pages

    SMC 1822

    General Custer writes to his old classmates from Hopedale Normal College - which he attended before West Point - to tell them of the potential of a serious fortune made from their collaboration in mining in the Bighorn country.
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    General Custer Wants Brother Who Would Die With Him at Little Bighorn Appointed a Second Lieutenant

    Autograph Letter Signed

    3 pages

    SMC 2054

    General Custer unsuccessfully requests that his youngest brother, Boston, be appointed second lieutenant in the Seventh Cavalry. Boston was not even admitted to the US army, due to his frail health. Custer ensured his brother was with him, and ultimately died with him, by appointing him as a scout.
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